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Water quality in Cha-Am, Thailand is of particular concern because of the area's extensive oceanfront and its importance to the City’s tourism and real estate industries.
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Simulate reduction in pollutant buildup due to street cleaning and reduction in washoff load due to BMPs and exponential decay.Include land use impacts and pollutant interdependence.Different semi-empirical/physically based options to represent pollutant build-up and wash-off.Model pollutant wash-off during storm events.Model pollutant build-up due to dry-weather deposition, direct contribution from rainfall and baseflow for an unlimited number of pollutants.To streamline the design effort involved in meeting water quality regulations, PCSWMM provides an efficient set of tools for designing control strategies for managing stormwater quality released to receiving waters. Research by USGS and others continues to monitor and assess conditions in Upper Klamath Lake and the surrounding watershed.PCSWMM allows for accurate generation of non-point source pollutant loadings for wasteload allocation studies. The degraded water quality is a contributing factor in the decline in populations of the shortnose sucker, Chasmistes brevirostris, and the Lost River sucker, Deltistes luxatus, both listed as Federally Endangered Species. Water-quality problems that coincide with the blooms and subsequent decay of dead algae include foul odors, increased acidity, dissolved oxygen concentrations that fluctuate from supersaturation to depletion, elevated ammonia concentrations, and occasionally extensive fish kills. Generally, a eutrophic lake can support diverse plant and animal communities.
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Nutrient levels have been high enough to cause annual, extensive blue-green algae blooms each summer since the 1930's. The lake is naturally rich in nutrients (i.e., eutrophic), but has become hypereutrophic during the 20th century. Upper Klamath Lake is a large, shallow lake in southern Oregon that feeds the Klamath River, which flows through California into the Pacific Ocean.